The Historical Record: Mormons and Slavery
If someone says “Mormons never had slaves,” the historical record says otherwise. Even the Mormon Church's own official history acknowledges that some early Mormons owned enslaved people. It specifically names Green Flake, Hark Lay, and Oscar Crosby, who were enslaved to Mormon families and traveled with the 1847 Mormon pioneer company to Utah.¹ The National Park Service confirms the same history. Green Flake was born enslaved, converted to Mormonism, and was brought west with the Mormon pioneers. His labor was even accepted by the Church as part of the Flake family's tithing.² And this wasn't just a few people passing through Utah. Slavery was legally permitted in Utah Territory. In 1852, Mormon leaders serving in the Utah legislature debated slavery. Brigham Young and Orson Spencer supported legalizing and regulating slavery, while Apostle Orson Pratt strongly opposed it. Young and Spencer's position won, and the legislature authorized a form of Black slavery.¹ S...